Phosphate esters, thiophosphate esters and metal thiophosphates have been used\nas lubricant additives for over 50 years. While their use has been extensive, a detailed\nknowledge of how they work has been a much more recent development. In this paper, the\nuse of phosphate esters and thiophosphate esters as anti-wear or extreme pressure additives\nis reviewed with an emphasis on their mechanism of action. The review includes the use of\nalkyl phosphates, triaryl phosphates and metal containing thiophosphate esters. The\nmechanisms of these materials interacting with a range of iron and steel based bearing\nmaterial are examined.
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